Elastic fluid turbine



Feb. 16, 1932. HT REICH 1,845,190

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE Fifed May 14, 1931 Inventor: Heinrich Reich,

His Ac tcw'neg.

" elastic fluid turbine embodying my invention,

intimates union; or BERLIN-GHARIiQllTENBlJ'RG, Gamma ASSIGNOR. 'ro Gmmm fluid turbines.

Patented Feb. 16, 1932 'EIJECTRICCOMPANSL'A oonroimrron or new YORK I i I ,m 'm mn "rurmirm I Application filed May 14, 19;31 Seria 1 l lo. "The present "injvntion relates to elastic 'In'the operation of elastic fluid turbines,

.liquid particles are formed in the elastic. fluid. in the lower pressure. stages of the machine due to condensation, the particles bein'g'water in the ca'se'of a steam turbine. The presence of such particles objectionablein that the particles -cause wearing away and cutting of 'the'bu'ckets and also affect adversely the efficiency of the machine.

"The/Object of y nv n is to prow -ideal.

improyedlconstruction andfarrangement for separating liquid particles from the elastic a fluid'as it flows through'theturbine and for discharging-such particles irom the turbine.

According' tog my invention, I provide means for subjecting the streamof elastic fluid to one or moregradual or sharp deflec- 'tions whereby the liquid particles are separated from the stream due to their greater inertiawhich is causedby their higherjspecific weight, and in connection with suchmean s I provide collecting surfaces and conduits for collecting the liquid particles and jdischargingthemfroni the machine. "In carrying out my invention, I may'separate the particles from all theelasticfluid orjfrom onlythe outer or peripheral portion of he elastic fluid,

it being known that the, major portion "of the liquid particles formed in the elastic fluid flowingthrough the'turbine arefound in the:

radially outer [strata "of the elastic fluid. v i 'For a better understanding of whatIbe lieve to. be novel and my' invention, attention i is directed to the following descriptionand the claims appendedthereto. v

Referr'ng to the drawings, Fig. 1 is a 1011- gitudinal section through a portion of an being shown in the drawings. 7 5 represents a:

diaphragm secured to the outer casing 6 of the turbine and positioned between the bucket wheels 3 and 4 so that the stream leavingturbine. I g V 7 My 1nvent1on, as shown in Fig. 1, comprises wall and are drained off throu 537,425; and in Germany April "26, 1930. i f

bucket wheels 3-is properly guided to the next bucket wheel4.

' The construction so ffar "described maybe taken as typical of any "kind of elastiofluid "the provision of an' intercepting wall 7, in the present instance shown as forming-an integral part of the body 8 of thediaphragmfi. "The wall 7 is so arranged with respect to the. flow of the9elastid1fluid leaving bucket wheel 3 thatit' causes a gradual deflection of this fluid with respect to its normal path through i the turbine. Apart oftheheavierparticles impinge on the wall 7, owing to their greater inthe outer casing by means of one or more a second wall 12, in the present instance shown as a part of the outer casing 6! 'This wallfoauses another more abrupt deflection of the-stream of elastic fluidtothe eifectthat the heavier particles thereof impinge on's'aid g r s ilfi leadingto the annular chamber 10.

In theoperation of the-turbine theelastic fluid flowingfrom'bucket wheel 3 to diaphragm 5' is subjected in: space- 14 formed jby said walls 7 and 12 to gradual and abrupt deflections- The gaseous particles follow easily :to these deflections, whereas the. liquid particles-V owing to their greater" inertia maintaintheir direction of flow and aregathered at the collecting surfaces of walls? and 12 from where they are discharged through the conduits 11 and into chamber 10.

IThus it will,,bej readi1y understood that the heavier particles areseparated fromthe elasp I passingthrough'said space of 1passage1 4f 1 v, a r f According to Fig. 2,- in which I have shown amodification olf myinvention, only the external part of the elastic fluidleaving {the bucket wheels 3. isdeflected astheiliquid particles' areffgathered mainly in said external {portion due to the action of their-centrifu-. gal force. Forthe accomplishment of this purpose, Ipr'oVide-a partition 15 located bepartition is provided with a groove 1 .8 which is connected to a chamber 19 by suit able conduits 20. In order to obtain a higher velocity of elastic fluid in a radial direction I between partition 15 and the outer wall of the turbine casing I provide said partition with a nozzle-like constricted portion 21.

The operation of this arrangement is simi-' .lar to that shown in Fig. 1. The liquid particles contained in the outerpor-tion ofthe stream of elastic fluid impinge on surfaces 22 and23 of the partition and the outer casing respectively from where they are ECllS- charged to the annular chamber-19 through conduits 20 and 24. respectively. When only the outer portion otthestream of elastic .fluid is deflectedand the heavier particles thereof separated an 'advai'itage, is gained in that the length of the turbine is reduced and-the losses,

due to deflections are dimin qished.

I T 'Ithwill lbe readily observed i that wall andtheouter casing in Fig 2 define a pas ,s age'or space vforiseparating the heavier particles from the elastic flui-d and-for conveying the deflected portion of the elastic fluid to the succeeding stage ofthe turbine. ;In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of'my invention, together with the apparatus which I now considerate represent the best embodiment. thereof, but, Idesire .to have itiinderstood that the apparatus shownlis' only illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by other mea -WhatI claim as newand desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

p 1. An elastic fluid turbine comprising an ,outer'casing providedwithan annular cham- 'ber, a'bucket wheel, axdiaphragmand means for separating heavier particles from the means comprising 'apartitioman inner wall which is "integrally formed with. said diaphragm anda-n outer wall forming a part of the outer casing, said partition and inner wall defining a smooth passage for the inner portion of the elastic fluid from the bucket wheel to thediaphragm, said partition and outer wall forming a'passage for the outer portion of elastic fluid in whichsaid elastic from said partition and outer wall into said annular chamber.

2-. An elastic fluid turbine comprising an outer casing provided with an annular chamher, a bucket wheel, a diaphragm and means for, separating heavier particles from the elastic fluidpassed through the turbine, said ineanscoinprising a partition, an inner wall fwhi ch is integrally formed with said diaphragm-and anouter wall forming. a part of theouter casing, said'partition and inner wall defining a smooth passage for the inner portion-of the elastic fluid from the bucket wheelto the diaphragm, said. partition and outer wall forming a passage for tlieouter portion of-elastic fluid in which said elastic fluid is subjected to gradual .and ,abru 11 changes in its direction of flow whereb t e heavier particles contained in said flui imp nge on said partition and outer wall, said partition being provided with a nozzle-like constriction of cross sectional areato the ifl'ow of elastic fluid whereby it increases the Velocityofsaid fluid, and means for discharging iaid heavier particles into said, annular chain- 3. An; elastic fluidwturbine'comprising a bucket, wheel, a diaphragm, .a wall therebetweenfor deflectingat, least a portion of elastic fluid passed through the turbine, means including the wall 'for separating the heavier particles from the deflectedportion of the 'elastic'fluid and. discharging these particles,

and means including' the wall to define a passage for conveying the remainder of the deflected portion of the elastic fluid to the succeeding, stage. 7

4. elastic fluid turbine comprising an outer-' casing, a bucket wheel, a diaphragm, an inclined" wall between, the bucket wheel and the di'a phragm'for deflecting elasticffiiiid passed through the turbine radially outward, whereby "liquid particles contained in the fluid impinge on thewall and the outer casing respectively, means for d scharging the articles, said means includinga groove'de ned by the wall and passages inthe outer casing,

thewall and arportion of the outer casing defining a. passage for j'conveying elastic fluid elastic fluid passed through" the turbine, said z thersucceedmg Stage" I i In witnessfwhereof, Ihave hereunto my hand:

a H I R Ic-H;

changes in its direction of flow whereby the heavier particles, contained in said fluid immeans for conveying said heavier particles piiige on said partition and outer wall, and 

